函数的使用、局部变量、局部作用域、高阶函数、递归

# 函数的基本使用def fun1():    '''函数描述'''    print('----------1-----------')    print('You are running function 1.')    return 1def fun2():    """并不是函数，而是过程"""    print('----------2-----------')    print('This is has no return value')x = fun1()y = fun2()print(x)print(y)def fun3(a, b):    """求和函数"""    print('----------3-----------')    return a + bprint(fun3(1,2))def fun4(a, b = 0):    """带有默认参数"""    print('----------4-----------')    return a - bprint(fun4(4))  # 可以不输入，此时调用默认参数值print(fun4(6, 1))  # 也可以指定别的值def fun5(*args):  # 接收位置参数——>转换成元组    """加一个 * 来接收未知数量的实参    还可以将形参设置为（x, *args)"""    print('----------5-----------')    print(args)  # 以元组的形式输出    print(*args)  # 以分立的元素输出    return 0fun5(1,2,3,4,'六',['seven', 'eight'])def fun6(**kwargs):  # 关键参数——>字典    """将N个关键参数转化为字典"""    print('----------6-----------')    print(kwargs)    print(kwargs['name'])    print(kwargs['age'])    print(kwargs['sex'])    return 0fun6(name='Lief', age=20, sex='M')def fun7(name, age, sex = 'M', **kwargs):    """实现必须输入姓名年龄，性别设置了默认值邮箱非必填"""    print('----------7-----------')    print(name)    print(age)    print(sex)    print(kwargs['mail'])    return 0fun7('Lief', age=20, sex='F', mail='lingfenglee@qq.com')def fun8(name, age, *args, **kwargs):    """位置参数和关键参数混合使用"""    print('----------8-----------')    print(name)    print(age)    print(args)    print(kwargs)    return 0fun8('Lief', 20, sex='F', mail='lingfenglee@qq.com')fun8('Lingfeng', 22, 'WTF', sex='M', mail='lingfenglee@qq.com')----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 局部变量、全局变量name = 'Lief'def change_name(name):    """局部变量name改不了Lief"""    name = 'Lee'    print(name)    return 0change_name(name)print(name)table = [1, 2, 3, 4]def change_table(table):    """可以改全局变量"""    table[2] = 99    print(table)    return 0change_table(table)print(table)dictionary = {
    'Name': 'Lief','Age': '20','School': 'TJU' }def change_dic(dictionary):    """可以改全局变量"""    dictionary['Name']='Lee'    print(dictionary)    return 0change_dic(dictionary)print(dictionary)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 局部作用域|全局作用域x = 0def grandpa():    x = 1    def father():        x = 2        def son():            x = 3            print(x)        son()    father()grandpa()print(x)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 高阶函数#  1.把一个函数名当作实参传给另外一个函数#  2.返回值中包含函数名def add(a, b, f):    return f(a)+f(b)res = add(8, -9, abs)  # abs是内置函数，用于求绝对值print(res)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------# 递归def calc(n):    if n < 10:        return calc(n+1)    print(n)calc(1)